For Monday 1/26:
Read Chapters 8 & 9
(Yes, we are reading chapters out of order. Yes, we’ll go back and read the ones we’ve skipped for now!)

Organology:
– Not the study of pipe organs
– Not the study of heart, lungs, kidneys…
– The study of musical instruments! Structure, function, history, etc.

• Name as many musical instruments as you can.
• How do different kinds of instruments produce sound?

Instrument Categories of the World:

• Aerophones: produce sound by causing a body of air to vibrate
• Chordophones: produce sound with vibrating strings stretched between two points
• Idiophones: creates sound by the instrument itself vibrating, without the use of strings or membranes
• Membranophones: produce sound with vibrating stretched membrane.

Examples:

Japan: Shakuhachi & Koto

Australia: Didgeridoo

Scotland: Bagpipes

Portland: The Unipiper

India: Sitar

Russia: Balalaika

Hawaii: Ukulele

Japan Taiko Drums

Mali: Djembe

Everywhere: Cowbell

Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra, by Benjamin Britten (1913-1976)
– A set of variations on a theme by baroque composer Henry Purcell (1659-1695)
– Demonstrates the instruments of the orchestra from woodwinds to percussion

• Theme: Tutti (all), woodwinds, brass, strings, then percussion
• Variation A: Piccolo and flute 2:11
• Variation B: Oboes 2:43
• Variation C: Clarinets 3:38
• Variation D: Bassoons 4:16
• Variation E: Violins 5:07
• Variation F: Violas 5:38
• Variation G: Cellos 6:40
• Variation H: Double basses 7:42
• Variation I: Harp 8:44
• Variation J: Horns 9:34
• Variation K: Trumpets 10:20
• Variation L: Trombones and bass tuba 10:51
• Variation M: Percussion (timpani; bass drum & cymbals; tambourine & triangle; snare drum & wood block; xylophone; castanets & gong; whip; percussion tutti) 12:04
• Fugue: Cycles through the instruments in order again 13:50

Preview of harmony:

Two versions of the same tune — how are they different?